Normal Distribution Calculator
Normal Distribution is evaluated from Mean, Standard Deviation and Value x₁. The calculation reports P, P and P.
Results
About the Normal Distribution Calculator
The calculator uses a multi formula configuration. Each reported value is read as a direct evaluation of the stored rules with the declared field formats and units.
Formula basis:
P(X < x) = Phi((x - mu)/sigma)
P(X > x) = 1 - Phi((x - mu)/sigma)
P(a < X < b) = Phi((b - mu)/sigma) - Phi((a - mu)/sigma)
Interpret the outputs in the order shown by the result fields. Optional inputs affect only the outputs that depend on those variables.
Formula & How It Works
The calculation applies the following relations exactly as recorded in the metadata: P(X < x) = Phi((x - mu)/sigma) P(X > x) = 1 - Phi((x - mu)/sigma) P(a < X < b) = Phi((b - mu)/sigma) - Phi((a - mu)/sigma) Each output field is produced by substituting the supplied inputs into the relevant relation and then applying the declared rounding or text format.
Worked Examples
Example 1: IQ Score Probability
Inputs
With Mean = 100, Standard Deviation = 15 and Value x₁ = 130 as the stated inputs, the result is P = 0.97725, P = 0.02275 and z₁ = / sigma = 2. Each value corresponds to the declared output fields.
Example 2: Bolt Diameter Tolerance
Inputs
With Mean = 10, Standard Deviation = 0.05, Value x₁ = 9.9 and Value x₂ = 10.1 as the stated inputs, the result is P = 0.02275, P = 0.97725 and P = 0.9545. Each value corresponds to the declared output fields.
Example 3: Height Distribution — US Women
Inputs
With Mean = 64, Standard Deviation = 2.8 and Value x₁ = 70 as the stated inputs, the result is P = 0.983938, P = 0.016062 and z₁ = / sigma = 2.1429. Each value corresponds to the declared output fields.
Example 4: Exam Grading — Score in Range
Inputs
With Mean = 72, Standard Deviation = 11, Value x₁ = 60 and Value x₂ = 84 as the stated inputs, the result is P = 0.137656, P = 0.862344 and P = 0.724687. Each value corresponds to the declared output fields.
Common Use Cases
- Find probability that a measurement falls in a range
- Calculate area under the bell curve
- Convert between z-scores and probabilities
- Determine tail probabilities for hypothesis testing